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Nei Matatu-Phase Magetsi Masisitimu Achigona Kupa Miners Kukwikwidza Kunobatsira Nepo ASIC Kubudirira Kunoderera
Kubva pakaunzwa mugodhi wekutanga weASIC muna 2013, migodhi yeBitcoin yakakura zvakanyanya, nekubudirira kuri kuwedzera kubva pa1,200 J/TH kuenda ku15 J/TH chete. Kunyange izvi zviwanikwa zvaifambiswa neyakagadziridzwa chip tekinoroji, isu tasvika pamiganho yesilicon-based semiconductors. Sezvo kushanda zvakanaka kuri kuramba kuchivandudzika, tarisiro inofanirwa kuchinjika pakugadzirisa zvimwe zvinhu zvemigodhi, kunyanya magadzirirwo emagetsi.
MuBitcoin mining, simba rezvikamu zvitatu rakava imwe nzira iri nani kune imwe-chikamu simba. Sezvo mamwe maASIC akagadzirirwa matatu-chikamu magetsi ekuisa, zvivakwa zvemugodhi zveramangwana zvinofanirwa kufunga nezvekuita yakabatana-nhatu-chikamu 480V system, kunyanya kupihwa kuwanda uye scalability muNorth America.
Kuti unzwisise kukosha kwematatu-chikamu magetsi pakuchera Bitcoin, iwe unofanirwa kutanga wanzwisisa izvo zvekutanga-chikamu uye matatu-chikamu magetsi masisitimu.
Single-phase simba ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mhando yesimba rinoshandiswa mukugara maapplication. Iyo ine waya mbiri: tambo yechikamu uye waya isina kwayakarerekera. Iyo voltage mune imwe-chikamu system inoshanduka mune sinusoidal pateni, nesimba rinopihwa richikwira uye richidonha kusvika zero kaviri panguva yega yega kutenderera.
Fungidzira uchisunda munhu pamushonga. Nekusundidzira kwega kwega, kuzunguzira kunoenda kumberi, kwozodzokera shure, kunosvika pakakwirira, kwobva kwadonha kusvika kwakadzikira, wobva wasundira zvakare.
Senge oscillations, single-phase simba masisitimu zvakare ane nguva dzepamusoro uye zero yekuburitsa simba. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kukushaya simba, kunyanya kana kugadzikana kwakagadzikana kunodiwa, kunyange mukushanda kwekugara kusakosha kwakadaro hakukoshi. Nekudaro, mukuda maindasitiri ekushandisa akadai seBitcoin migodhi, izvi zvinova zvakakosha zvakanyanya.
Matatu-chikamu magetsi anowanzoshandiswa mumaindasitiri uye kutengeserana marongero. Inoumbwa netambo nhatu dzechikamu, izvo zvinopa simba rakagadzikana uye rakavimbika.
Saizvozvo, uchishandisa muenzaniso wekuzunguza, ngatiti vanhu vatatu vari kusunda swing, asi nguva yepakati pakati pekusundidzira imwe neimwe yakasiyana. Mumwe munhu anosunda vheji painotanga kunonoka mushure mekusundidzira kwekutanga, mumwe anoisundidzira chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenzira, uye wechitatu anoisundira zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvenzira. Nekuda kweizvozvo, swing inofamba zvakanyanya uye zvakaenzana nekuti inogara ichisundidzirwa pamakona akasiyana, izvo zvinoita kuti irambe ichifamba.
Saizvozvo, matatu-phase magetsi masisitimu anopa nguva dzose uye yakaenzana kuyerera kwemagetsi, nekudaro kuwedzera kushanda uye kuvimbika, iyo inonyanya kubatsira kune yakakwirira-inoda application yakadai seBitcoin mining.
Bitcoin migodhi yakauya kure kubva payakavambwa, uye zvinodiwa nemagetsi zvakachinja zvakanyanya mumakore.
Gore ra2013 risati rasvika, vashandi vemumigodhi vakashandisa maCPU nemaGPU kuchera Bitcoin. Sezvo Bitcoin network yakakura uye makwikwi akawedzera, kuuya kweASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) vashandi vemigodhi vakanyatsochinja mutambo. Zvishandiso izvi zvakagadzirirwa zvakanangana neBitcoin migodhi uye zvinopa zvisingaenzaniswi kunyatsoshanda uye kuita. Nekudaro, michina iyi inoshandisa simba rakawanda uye rakawanda, inoda kuvandudzwa mumasisitimu ekupa magetsi.
Muna 2016, michina ine simba kwazvo yekuchera migodhi yaive nekumhanya kwekombuta ye13 TH/s uye yaipedza 1,300 watts. Kunyangwe zvicherwa neiyi rig zvaive zvisina kunyatso shanda nemayero anhasi, zvaiita pundutso panguva iyoyo nekuda kwemakwikwi akaderera pane network. Zvakadaro, kuti vawane purofiti ine hunhu munzvimbo yanhasi ine makwikwi, vashandi vemumigodhi vave kuvimba nemichina yemugodhi iyo inoshandisa 3,510 watts yemagetsi.
Sezvo simba reASIC uye zvinodikanwa zvekushanda kwemigodhi yepamusoro zvichiramba zvichiwedzera, izvo zvinogumira zvesimba rimwe chete-chikamu masisitimu zvinova pachena. Kuenda kune matatu-chikamu simba riri kuita danho rine musoro kusangana neindasitiri iri kukura simba rinodiwa.
Nhatu-chikamu 480V yakagara iri chiyero mumaindasitiri muNorth America, South America, uye kumwewo. Inogamuchirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwemabhenefiti ayo mazhinji maererano nekushanda, kuchengetedza mutengo, uye scalability. Iko kugadzikana uye kuvimbika kwechitatu-chikamu 480V simba inoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune maoperation anoda yakakwirira nguva uye kushanda kwezvikepe, kunyanya munyika iri kuita hafu.
Imwe yemabhenefiti makuru emagetsi matatu-chikamu kugona kwayo kupa yakakwira simba density, nekudaro kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti michina yemugodhi inoshanda nekuita kwakanyanya.
Uye zvakare, kuisirwa kwechitatu-chikamu magetsi emagetsi system kunogona kutungamira kune yakakosha kuchengetedza mumitengo yemagetsi zvivakwa. Ma transformer mashoma, wiring shoma, uye kudiwa kwakaderedzwa kwemagetsi ekudzikamisa midziyo inobatsira kudzikisa mitengo yekuisa nekugadzirisa.
Semuenzaniso, pa208V matatu-phase, 17.3kW mutoro waizoda 48 amps yezvino. Nekudaro, kana yaiswa simba ne480V sosi, iyo yazvino dhirowa inodonha kusvika 24 amps chete. Kucheka ikozvino muhafu hakusi kungoderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba, asiwo kunoderedza kudiwa kwetambo dzakasimba, dzinodhura.
Sezvo mashandiro emigodhi achiwedzera, kugona kukwirisa hukuru nyore pasina shanduko dzakakosha kumagetsi emagetsi kwakakosha. Zvirongwa uye zvikamu zvakagadzirirwa 480V zvitatu-chikamu simba zvinopa kuwanikwa kwepamusoro, zvichibvumira vashandi vemigodhi kuti vawedzere kushanda kwavo zvakanaka.
Sezvo indasitiri yemigodhi yeBitcoin ichikura, pane maitiro akajeka ekuvandudza mamwe maASIC anoteerana neatatu-chikamu mwero. Kugadzira zvivakwa zvemigodhi ine matatu-phase 480V dhizaini haingogadzirise dambudziko razvino rekusashanda, asi zvakare rinoita kuti hupfumi huve humbowo-uchapupu. Izvi zvinobvumira vashandi vemumigodhi kuti vabatanidze zvisina mutsindo matekinoroji matsva anogona kunge akagadzirwa aine matatu-chikamu simba rinoenderana mupfungwa.
Sezvinoratidzwa patafura iri pazasi, kunyudza kutonhora uye kutonhora kwemvura inzira dzakanakisa dzekuyera Bitcoin migodhi kuti uwane yakakwirira hashing performance. Zvisinei, kutsigira simba remakomputa rakakwirira kudaro, magetsi echikamu chetatu anofanira kugadziridzwa kuti arambe aine mwero wakafanana wesimba rekushandisa. Muchidimbu, izvi zvinozokonzera purofiti yepamusoro pachikamu chimwe chetecho.
Kuchinjira kune matatu-phase simba system inoda kungwarira kuronga nekuita. Pazasi pane matanho ekutanga ekushandisa matatu-chikamu simba mune yako Bitcoin mining oparesheni.
Danho rekutanga pakushandisa matatu-phase simba system ndeyekuongorora simba rinodiwa pamugodhi wako. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuverenga mashandisirwo emagetsi ese emidziyo yese yemugodhi uye kuona iyo yakakodzera simba system system.
Kuvandudza magadzirirwo ako emagetsi kutsigira matatu-phase simba system kungangoda kuisa ma transformer matsva, waya, uye macircuit breaker. Izvo zvakakosha kuti ushande nemunhu ane hunyanzvi hwemagetsi kuona kuti kuisirwa kunosangana nekuchengetedza zviyero uye mirau.
Vazhinji vemazuva ano veASIC miners vakagadzirirwa kushanda pamagetsi matatu-chikamu. Nekudaro, mamodheru ekare angangoda kugadziridzwa kana kushandiswa kwemagetsi ekushandura magetsi. Kumisikidza yako migodhi rig kuti ishande pane matatu-chikamu simba inhanho yakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda zvakanyanya.
Kuti ive nechokwadi chekusavhiringidzwa kwekushanda kwemabasa emigodhi, zvakakosha kuita backup uye redundancy masisitimu. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuiswa kwemajenareta ekuchengetedza, magetsi asingachinjiki, uye maseketi ekuchengetedza kudzivirira kubva pakudzimwa kwemagetsi uye kutadza kushanda kwemidziyo.
Kamwe-chikamu chetatu-simba system yave kushanda, kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa uye kugadzirisa kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakakwana. Kugara uchiongorora, kuyera kuremerwa, uye kuchengetedza kwekudzivirira kunogona kubatsira kuona nekugadzirisa matambudziko angangove asati akanganisa mashandiro.
Ramangwana rekuchera kweBitcoin riri mukushandiswa kwemagetsi zviwanikwa. Sezvo kufambira mberi mune chip processing tekinoroji inosvika painogumira, kutarisisa kune masimba emagetsi kuri kuwedzera kukosha. Matatu-chikamu simba, kunyanya 480V masisitimu, inopa akawanda mabhenefiti anogona kushandura Bitcoin migodhi mashandiro.
Matatu-chikamu masisitimu emagetsi anogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zviri kukura zveindasitiri yezvicherwa nekupa yakakwira simba density, kuvandudzwa kwesimba, kuderera kwemitengo yezvivakwa, uye scalability. Kushandisa hurongwa hwakadai kunoda kunyatsoronga nekuita, asi mabhenefiti anodarika matambudziko.
Sezvo indasitiri yemigodhi yeBitcoin iri kuramba ichikura, kutorwa kwemagetsi echikamu chetatu kunogona kugadzira nzira yekushanda kwakasimba uye kunobatsira. Nezvivakwa zvakanaka zviripo, vashandi vemumigodhi vanogona kushandisa mukana wakakwana wemidziyo yavo uye kuramba vari vatungamiriri munyika inokwikwidza yeBitcoin migodhi.
Iyi inzvimbo yevaenzi naChristian Lucas weBitdeer Strategy. Maonero akataurwa ndeake chete uye haafanire kuratidza maonero eBTC Inc kana Bitcoin Magazine.